Introduction For the last century, fossil fuels have been depended on globally to meet transportation demands. Unfortunately, emissions from fossil fuels have caused global warming, leading to environmental damage and rising sea levels. The US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 27% of CO2 emissions emanate from the transportation sector, compelling countries to seek cleaner fuels for vehicles (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Fossil fuels are essential for the global economy due to their cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, developing countries rely on them to keep their economies afloat. This dependence on fossil fuels means they cannot be phased out quickly. Greater public awareness of the need for cleaner technologies has fueled Tesla’s growth and the rise of battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs). However, BEVs have competition in the form of hydrogen fuel cells (FCEVs) and biofuels, which include biodiesel and ethanol, for being the next big clean technolo...